真空皮帶脫水機通過真空泵抽真空的作用,在濾餅上下表面形成壓力差,并以此來擠出水分,達到脫水的目的.在通常情況下,對石膏濾餅的Cl?/SPAN>含量有一定的要求,所以在脫水的同時使用濾餅沖洗水對濾餅進行沖洗,以達到沖洗Cl?/SPAN>的效果.在二級脫水運行過程中,真空皮帶脫水機會遇到以下一些問題.
一(yi)、皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)帶(dai)(dai)跑(pao)(pao)偏(pian)(pian):1.皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)帶(dai)(dai)跑(pao)(pao)偏(pian)(pian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)真空(kong)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)帶(dai)(dai)機(ji)常見的問(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),也(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)難解決(jue)的問(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti).國內(nei)某電廠曾進口(kou)過(guo)兩臺真空(kong)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)帶(dai)(dai)脫水(shui)機(ji),由(you)于(yu)(yu)其中(zhong)一(yi)臺皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)帶(dai)(dai)跑(pao)(pao)偏(pian)(pian),基本處于(yu)(yu)停(ting)運(yun)狀(zhuang)態.2.為了(le)保(bao)護(hu)系統(tong)(tong),一(yi)般都會(hui)在皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)帶(dai)(dai)兩邊設置皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)帶(dai)(dai)跑(pao)(pao)偏(pian)(pian)的傳感器(qi)(qi).當皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)帶(dai)(dai)跑(pao)(pao)偏(pian)(pian)后,傳感器(qi)(qi)就會(hui)發(fa)(fa)送信號(hao)到(dao)DCS,發(fa)(fa)出皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)帶(dai)(dai)跑(pao)(pao)偏(pian)(pian)報(bao)警信號(hao),皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)帶(dai)(dai)逐漸偏(pian)(pian)離中(zhong)心(xin),真空(kong)度明顯上(shang)升且濾餅含水(shui)量增(zeng)大.當皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)帶(dai)(dai)跑(pao)(pao)偏(pian)(pian)達到(dao)一(yi)定(ding)程度后,出于(yu)(yu)保(bao)護(hu)系統(tong)(tong)的目的,系統(tong)(tong)會(hui)自動緊(jin)急停(ting)車(che).3.皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)帶(dai)(dai)跑(pao)(pao)偏(pian)(pian)一(yi)般是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)由(you)于(yu)(yu)以下(xia)幾(ji)種(zhong)原(yuan)(yuan)因造(zao)成:皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)帶(dai)(dai)驅(qu)(qu)動輥(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)和(he)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)帶(dai)(dai)張緊(jin)輥(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)的問(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti).這可能有(you)兩個(ge)(ge)原(yuan)(yuan)因,一(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)帶(dai)(dai)驅(qu)(qu)動輥(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)和(he)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)帶(dai)(dai)張緊(jin)輥(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)不平(ping)(ping)行(xing);二是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)帶(dai)(dai)張緊(jin)輥(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)和(he)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)帶(dai)(dai)驅(qu)(qu)動輥(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)雖然平(ping)(ping)行(xing),但(dan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)卻沒有(you)對(dui)中(zhong),也(ye)即輥(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)的軸線和(he)真空(kong)室不垂直.這個(ge)(ge)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)在工廠組裝的時(shi)候就應該注意.如(ru)果是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)正在運(yun)行(xing)中(zhong),對(dui)于(yu)(yu)原(yuan)(yuan)因,則可以在停(ting)車(che)后通過(guo)拉對(dui)角線和(he)水(shui)平(ping)(ping)管或(huo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)水(shui)平(ping)(ping)儀來(lai)測(ce)定(ding)后調整,但(dan)要(yao)(yao)保(bao)證驅(qu)(qu)動輥(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)的位置正確;對(dui)于(yu)(yu)第二種(zhong)原(yuan)(yuan)因則需要(yao)(yao)重(zhong)新測(ce)量中(zhong)心(xin)點(dian),根(gen)據中(zhong)心(xin)點(dian)調整輥(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)筒直至合格.4.還(huan)有(you)一(yi)種(zhong)原(yuan)(yuan)因是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)帶(dai)(dai)對(dui)接(jie)有(you)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti).這是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)帶(dai)(dai)跑(pao)(pao)偏(pian)(pian)中(zhong)嚴重(zhong)的問(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),主要(yao)(yao)有(you)斜接(jie)和(he)喇(la)叭口(kou)兩種(zhong)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti).出現這種(zhong)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),除(chu)了(le)更換新的皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)帶(dai)(dai),無法(fa)采取其他(ta)的方法(fa)消除(chu)這個(ge)(ge)誤差.一(yi)般在皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)帶(dai)(dai)對(dui)接(jie)時(shi),應該多選(xuan)擇幾(ji)個(ge)(ge)點(dian)進行(xing)測(ce)量,以保(bao)證皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)帶(dai)(dai)對(dui)接(jie)正確.二、濾(lv)(lv)布(bu)(bu)跑偏(pian)(pian)(pian):1.濾(lv)(lv)布(bu)(bu)跑偏(pian)(pian)(pian)也(ye)是(shi)真空(kong)皮帶(dai)機(ji)常(chang)見(jian)問(wen)題.一(yi)般的(de)皮帶(dai)機(ji)都會(hui)有(you)(you)濾(lv)(lv)布(bu)(bu)跑偏(pian)(pian)(pian)報警裝置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),并有(you)(you)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)糾(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)裝置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi).自(zi)動(dong)(dong)糾(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)裝置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)般由電動(dong)(dong)或是(shi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)兩(liang)(liang)種方式,這(zhe)里我們談(tan)談(tan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)糾(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)裝置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi).氣(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)糾(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)裝置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)啟動(dong)(dong)糾(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)裝置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)由傳感(gan)器(qi)、氣(qi)(qi)(qi)源分配器(qi)、調(diao)節(jie)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)囊組成.當濾(lv)(lv)布(bu)(bu)走偏(pian)(pian)(pian)時(shi)(shi),氣(qi)(qi)(qi)源分配器(qi)會(hui)根據濾(lv)(lv)布(bu)(bu)走偏(pian)(pian)(pian)的(de)方向向兩(liang)(liang)個調(diao)節(jie)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)囊分配壓縮空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi),進(jin)而調(diao)節(jie)輥(gun)(gun)筒角度,達到糾(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)正濾(lv)(lv)布(bu)(bu)走向的(de)作用.一(yi)般情況下,調(diao)整好的(de)糾(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)裝置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能夠保(bao)證濾(lv)(lv)布(bu)(bu)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)糾(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)偏(pian)(pian)(pian).這(zhe)里要注(zhu)意(yi)的(de)是(shi),濾(lv)(lv)布(bu)(bu)在(zai)空(kong)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)、加(jia)水空(kong)負荷運轉(zhuan)(zhuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)和(he)負荷運轉(zhuan)(zhuan)時(shi)(shi)均需調(diao)整傳感(gan)器(qi)的(de)位置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)角度.如果只(zhi)是(shi)在(zai)空(kong)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)或是(shi)加(jia)水空(kong)負荷運轉(zhuan)(zhuan)的(de)時(shi)(shi)候(hou)調(diao)整糾(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)裝置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),就會(hui)發(fa)生濾(lv)(lv)布(bu)(bu)跑偏(pian)(pian)(pian)現象,此時(shi)(shi)不(bu)須停車,只(zhi)須再對糾(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)裝置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)進(jin)行(xing)調(diao)整即可.2.值得注(zhu)意(yi)的(de)是(shi),在(zai)上濾(lv)(lv)布(bu)(bu)之前,要將所有(you)(you)的(de)濾(lv)(lv)布(bu)(bu)托(tuo)輥(gun)(gun)復查一(yi)遍,防止因(yin)運輸或是(shi)其他原因(yin)造成的(de)濾(lv)(lv)布(bu)(bu)托(tuo)輥(gun)(gun)位移.保(bao)證濾(lv)(lv)布(bu)(bu)托(tuo)輥(gun)(gun)的(de)平行(xing)時(shi)(shi)很重要的(de).皮帶(dai)脫水機(ji)三、真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)度偏(pian)低:1.出(chu)現這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)時(shi),在(zai)控制室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)上可以看到(dao),整個(ge)系統真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)度低,脫(tuo)水(shui)后(hou)(hou)(hou)的石膏(gao)濾(lv)(lv)餅含水(shui)量明顯偏(pian)高.2.出(chu)現這(zhe)(zhe)種問(wen)題(ti)(ti)的主要原(yuan)因有(you)(you):一是真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)對接處(chu)(chu)(chu)脫(tuo)膠(jiao).真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一般(ban)由高分(fen)子聚合(he)物制造,這(zhe)(zhe)種材(cai)料伸縮變形很厲害,如(ru)果(guo)沒有(you)(you)及(ji)時(shi)固(gu)定或是沒有(you)(you)固(gu)定好(hao)(hao),那么(me)就有(you)(you)可能造成脫(tuo)膠(jiao).此(ci)種情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)下(xia)(xia),只(zhi)有(you)(you)等停車(che)后(hou)(hou)(hou),放下(xia)(xia)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)重新(xin)補膠(jiao)并固(gu)定每(mei)段真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi).二是真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)下(xia)(xia)方法(fa)蘭連接處(chu)(chu)(chu)泄(xie)漏,這(zhe)(zhe)通常會有(you)(you)吹哨聲(sheng).解(jie)決這(zhe)(zhe)種問(wen)題(ti)(ti)時(shi),需要停車(che)后(hou)(hou)(hou)放下(xia)(xia)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),檢查墊(dian)片(pian)(pian)情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang),如(ru)果(guo)墊(dian)片(pian)(pian)有(you)(you)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)則(ze)更(geng)換墊(dian)片(pian)(pian),如(ru)果(guo)不是墊(dian)片(pian)(pian)問(wen)題(ti)(ti),那么(me)只(zhi)須將泄(xie)露(lu)(lu)處(chu)(chu)(chu)的法(fa)蘭螺栓擰緊即可.三是濾(lv)(lv)液總(zong)管泄(xie)露(lu)(lu),只(zhi)須擰緊泄(xie)露(lu)(lu)處(chu)(chu)(chu)的螺栓,如(ru)果(guo)是墊(dian)片(pian)(pian)有(you)(you)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)則(ze)需要停車(che)后(hou)(hou)(hou)更(geng)換墊(dian)片(pian)(pian).3.預防真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)泄(xie)露(lu)(lu),需要在(zai)系統安裝好(hao)(hao)后(hou)(hou)(hou)、濾(lv)(lv)布安裝前進行(xing)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)度測試.這(zhe)(zhe)樣可以把問(wen)題(ti)(ti)控制在(zai)開車(che)之前,避免(mian)開車(che)后(hou)(hou)(hou)的麻煩(fan).四、真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)度高(gao):1.真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)度超出正(zheng)常(chang)(chang)范圍,在沒(mei)有加(jia)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)除霧器沖(chong)洗(xi)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置的(de)系統(tong),是很有可(ke)能出現(xian)(xian)的(de).出現(xian)(xian)這種(zhong)問(wen)(wen)題時(shi)(shi),在中控室會看到真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)度超出正(zheng)常(chang)(chang)操作范圍,并(bing)且有逐漸上(shang)升趨(qu)勢.如果沒(mei)有及時(shi)(shi)解決這個問(wen)(wen)題,超過一(yi)定的(de)真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)度后,為了(le)保護(hu)整個系統(tong),系統(tong)會自動(dong)停車.2.出現(xian)(xian)這種(zhong)問(wen)(wen)題的(de)主要原(yuan)因(yin)是氣(qi)液分(fen)(fen)離(li)(li)器上(shang)的(de)除霧器被石膏堵塞.此時(shi)(shi)需立即(ji)停機(ji),打開(kai)氣(qi)液分(fen)(fen)離(li)(li)器頂蓋,清洗(xi)除霧器.3.生產車間頂部的(de)電(dian)動(dong)葫(hu)蘆(lu)在拆(chai)卸氣(qi)液分(fen)(fen)離(li)(li)器的(de)時(shi)(shi)候用(yong)不上(shang),所以(yi)氣(qi)液分(fen)(fen)離(li)(li)器頂蓋打開(kai)比較麻煩.所以(yi)建(jian)議采取加(jia)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)沖(chong)洗(xi)管道來(lai)解決這個問(wen)(wen)題.當真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)度超出正(zheng)常(chang)(chang)工(gong)況時(shi)(shi),直接打開(kai)沖(chong)洗(xi)水(shui)閥門,即(ji)時(shi)(shi)清洗(xi);或者采用(yong)遠(yuan)程控制,在程序(xu)上(shang)設定當真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)度到達一(yi)定高(gao)位時(shi)(shi)進(jin)行沖(chong)洗(xi).但是加(jia)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)沖(chong)洗(xi)管道從理論上(shang)來(lai)講增(zeng)加(jia)了(le)泄漏(lou)點(dian),對真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)度會有一(yi)定影響,所以(yi)這點(dian)也(ye)必須考慮.五、真空度(du)成(cheng)周期性變(bian)化(hua):1.出現(xian)這種問題(ti)時(shi)(shi),在中控室會看到(dao)真空度(du)基本呈周期性變(bian)化(hua),脫(tuo)水(shui)效率(lv)隨著(zhu)真空度(du)的(de)(de)變(bian)化(hua)也成(cheng)周期性的(de)(de)變(bian)化(hua),真空度(du)高時(shi)(shi)脫(tuo)水(shui)率(lv)上(shang)升(sheng),真空度(du)低時(shi)(shi)脫(tuo)水(shui)率(lv)下降.2.出現(xian)這種問題(ti)的(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)候(hou),首先檢查濾布(bu)對接處為密(mi)封(feng)所涂的(de)(de)硅膠(jiao).一般(ban)情況下,這主要是由于(yu)濾布(bu)對接處脫(tuo)膠(jiao)所造成(cheng)的(de)(de).此時(shi)(shi)只須(xu)停車重新上(shang)膠(jiao)即可(ke).六、脫水效率不夠:脫水效率不能達標,應該從(cong)以(yi)下(xia)幾個方面(mian)來分(fen)(fen)析:1.一是真空度(du)沒有問題(ti),所給的(de)料(liao)能夠*覆蓋皮帶(dai)開槽(cao)區間時,脫水效率仍然達不到要(yao)(yao)求(qiu),此時就要(yao)(yao)檢查(cha)旋(xuan)流器出(chu)口漿液的(de)質量了.根據經驗,造成這(zhe)種文體的(de)原(yuan)因一般是旋(xuan)流器出(chu)口漿液達不到皮帶(dai)脫水機所要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)的(de)50%左右的(de)濃(nong)度(du).2.二是真空度(du)稍(shao)微偏高,但(dan)(dan)是沒有到需(xu)要(yao)(yao)停(ting)車的(de)地步,但(dan)(dan)是脫水效率仍然不能達標.這(zhe)個時候我(wo)們(men)要(yao)(yao)分(fen)(fen)析漿液里(li)面(mian)的(de)污(wu)泥(ni)問題(ti).污(wu)泥(ni)覆在濾餅(bing)上面(mian),形成致密的(de)一層(ceng)污(wu)泥(ni),隔絕(jue)了石膏(gao)濾餅(bing)和空氣,濾餅(bing)中的(de)水分(fen)(fen)無(wu)法(fa)排擠出(chu)來.對(dui)于這(zhe)種情況,可以(yi)通(tong)過加裝(zhuang)濾餅(bing)疏松器對(dui)濾餅(bing)進行適當的(de)疏松,翻動表面(mian)的(de)污(wu)泥(ni),就可以(yi)解決問題(ti)了.七、濾餅(bing)(bing)中Cl?/SPAN>超標(biao):1.濾餅(bing)(bing)中的(de)(de)(de)Cl?/SPAN>含(han)量是(shi)檢測脫(tuo)硫系統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)一個(ge)重(zhong)要指標(biao).一般比較關(guan)注的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)脫(tuo)水率,所(suo)以對Cl?/SPAN>含(han)量沒有(you)給予(yu)應有(you)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)視(shi).供貨商為了(le)達到(dao)脫(tuo)水率,也會有(you)意減少濾餅(bing)(bing)沖(chong)洗水的(de)(de)(de)用(yong)量,這樣會造成濾餅(bing)(bing)中Cl?/SPAN>含(han)量超標(biao).2.要使濾餅(bing)(bing)中Cl?/SPAN>含(han)量達標(biao),可(ke)以采用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)辦法是(shi)使用(yong)正常的(de)(de)(de)濾餅(bing)(bing)沖(chong)洗水量沖(chong)洗濾餅(bing)(bing),在Cl?/SPAN>含(han)量比較高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)工況下可(ke)以考慮(lv)兩級沖(chong)洗.
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