酸洗廢水的中(zhong)和(he)(he)方法主(zhu)要有：用堿性廢水或堿性廢渣中(zhong)和(he)(he)、投藥(yao)中(zhong)和(he)(he)以及過濾中(zhong)和(he)(he)。

1.用(yong)堿性(xing)廢(fei)水或堿性(xing)廢(fei)渣中和(he)

當有條件(jian)應用(yong)堿(jian)性(xing)廢水或堿(jian)性(xing)廢渣進行中和處(chu)理時應優先考慮以(yi)廢治(zhi)廢，既可以(yi)節省處(chu)理費用(yong)和藥(yao)劑消耗(hao)，又簡便(bian)實用(yong)。當酸(suan)性(xing)廢水、堿(jian)性(xing)廢水相(xiang)互中和仍達不到處(chu)理要(yao)求時，可再補加(jia)藥(yao)劑進行處(chu)理。

2.投藥中和

投(tou)藥中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)可以(yi)處(chu)(chu)理任何濃度、任何性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)廢水(shui)(shui)(shui)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)過程容(rong)易調節，容(rong)許水(shui)(shui)(shui)量變化(hua)范圍較(jiao)大，是(shi)(shi)應用(yong)(yong)為廣(guang)泛的(de)(de)一(yi)種中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)方法。廢水(shui)(shui)(shui)量少時(shi)(shi)宜(yi)(yi)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)間歇處(chu)(chu)理，廢水(shui)(shui)(shui)量大時(shi)(shi)宜(yi)(yi)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)連續(xu)式(shi)處(chu)(chu)理。為獲得(de)(de)穩定的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)處(chu)(chu)理效果，可采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)多級式(shi)自(zi)動控制系統。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)藥劑的(de)(de)選(xuan)擇，不(bu)僅要考慮(lv)藥劑本身(shen)的(de)(de)溶解(jie)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、反應速率、成(cheng)本、二次(ci)污染、使用(yong)(yong)方法等(deng)因(yin)素，而且還要考慮(lv)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)產物(wu)的(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)質(zhi)(zhi)。用(yong)(yong)于酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)廢水(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)藥劑有石灰、石灰石、碳酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)鈉(na)、苛性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)鈉(na)等(deng)，也可以(yi)利用(yong)(yong)其他(ta)工業行業部門排除的(de)(de)廢渣（主要成(cheng)分(fen)為碳酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)鈉(na)、苛性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)鈉(na)）等(deng)，因(yin)地制宜(yi)(yi)地中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)處(chu)(chu)理酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)廢水(shui)(shui)(shui)。其特點是(shi)(shi)對進(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)硫(liu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)的(de)(de)濃度限制大，需定期倒床，勞動強度大。石灰價廉易得(de)(de)，對廢水(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)雜(za)質(zhi)(zhi)具(ju)有混凝效果，是(shi)(shi)常用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)廢水(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)劑，當酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)廢水(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)主要是(shi)(shi)鹽(yan)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)、硫(liu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)、硝(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)時(shi)(shi)，常采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)石灰。但沉(chen)渣量大，且脫(tuo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)較(jiao)困(kun)難；需用(yong)(yong)大型消解(jie)投(tou)配設(she)備，衛生條件較(jiao)差。當酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)廢水(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)主要是(shi)(shi)乙酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)、碳酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)等(deng)弱酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)時(shi)(shi)，由(you)于弱酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)鹽(yan)如碳酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)鹽(yan)反應遲緩，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)反應時(shi)(shi)間長，一(yi)般(ban)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)氫(qing)氧化(hua)物(wu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)。

3.過濾中和

過濾(lv)(lv)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)(he)過程是利用(yong)(yong)(yong)難溶性(xing)的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)(he)劑作原料(liao)，讓酸(suan)(suan)洗或堿性(xing)廢水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)通(tong)過，利用(yong)(yong)(yong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)(he)劑與(yu)廢水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)反應達到(dao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)(he)目(mu)的(de)(de)。該(gai)過程與(yu)藥劑中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)(he)過程相比，具有操作方便、運行費用(yong)(yong)(yong)低及(ji)勞動(dong)條(tiao)件好等優點，但(dan)不(bu)適于(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)(he)濃度高的(de)(de)酸(suan)(suan)性(xing)或堿性(xing)廢水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。同時(shi)，采用(yong)(yong)(yong)過濾(lv)(lv)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)(he)時(shi)，要求對(dui)廢水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)懸浮(fu)物、油(you)脂等進行預處(chu)(chu)理(li)，以防止堵塞。酸(suan)(suan)性(xing)廢水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)過濾(lv)(lv)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)(he)就是使酸(suan)(suan)性(xing)廢水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)流過堿性(xing)濾(lv)(lv)料(liao)（如(ru)石(shi)(shi)灰石(shi)(shi)、白云石(shi)(shi)、大(da)理(li)石(shi)(shi)等）時(shi)得(de)到(dao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)(he)的(de)(de)方法，一般適用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)含酸(suan)(suan)量不(bu)大(da)于(yu)23g/l、生成(cheng)易(yi)溶鹽的(de)(de)各種(zhong)酸(suan)(suan)性(xing)廢水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)(he)處(chu)(chu)理(li)。