金(jin)屬制品(pin)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)中(zhong)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)廢水(shui)存在水(shui)量隨生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)情(qing)況(kuang)起伏、污染(ran)成分濃度(du)變化(hua)(hua)大(da)的(de)特點，合(he)理(li)選(xuan)擇廢水(shui)的(de)預處(chu)理(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)是該(gai)廢水(shui)zui終處(chu)理(li)達標的(de)關鍵環節(jie)。該(gai)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)廢水(shui)由不同(tong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)，情(qing)況(kuang)復雜，若混合(he)處(chu)理(li)，很難將廢水(shui)中(zhong)污染(ran)物有(you)(you)效去除。尤其是軋制工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)需要(yao)使用乳化(hua)(hua)液(ye)對材料進行(xing)潤(run)滑，從而(er)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)大(da)量乳化(hua)(hua)廢液(ye)。該(gai)乳化(hua)(hua)廢液(ye)含(han)有(you)(you)大(da)量的(de)油(you)脂，黏度(du)大(da)，COD濃度(du)大(da)，難于降解，因此處(chu)理(li)難度(du)較(jiao)大(da)。本文以(yi)某公(gong)司金(jin)屬制品(pin)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)廢水(shui)處(chu)理(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)為例，對處(chu)理(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)及單體構筑物等(deng)進行(xing)闡述，以(yi)供同(tong)類工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)參(can)考。

　　工程概(gai)述：

　　該生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)廢水(shui)(shui)(shui)來自酸洗(xi)作(zuo)業(ye)、軋(ya)制擠壓作(zuo)業(ye)、除(chu)油作(zuo)業(ye)等工段，主要為(wei)含酸廢水(shui)(shui)(shui)(氟化物(wu))、含堿廢水(shui)(shui)(shui)(除(chu)油劑(ji))及(ji)廢乳化液廢水(shui)(shui)(shui)，總處(chu)理(li)(li)規模(mo)為(wei)360m3/d(設計可滿足(zu)目前生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)線(xian)及(ji)二期增設生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)線(xian)后排污需求)。其中，含酸廢水(shui)(shui)(shui)處(chu)理(li)(li)規模(mo)為(wei)240m3/d，含堿廢水處理(li)(li)規模為(wei)80m3/d，廢(fei)(fei)乳化(hua)(hua)液廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)處理(li)(li)規模為(wei)40m3/d。設計物(wu)化(hua)(hua)處理(li)(li)階段(duan)為(wei)16h運行(xing)(xing)模式，生化(hua)(hua)處理(li)(li)階段(duan)為(wei)24h運行(xing)(xing)模式。目前，物(wu)化(hua)(hua)處理(li)(li)階段(duan)僅聯動4h運行(xing)(xing)即可(ke)滿足處理(li)(li)需要。出水(shui)水(shui)質滿足《污水(shui)綜合排(pai)放標(biao)準》(GB8978—1996)一級(ji)標(biao)準和(he)《城(cheng)市污水(shui)再生利用(yong)(yong)城(cheng)市雜用(yong)(yong)水(shui)水(shui)質標(biao)準》(GB/T18920—2002)中綠化(hua)(hua)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)標(biao)準。

工藝流程

　　總(zong)體上，原(yuan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)行(xing)物(wu)化(hua)(hua)處(chu)理后(hou)，匯(hui)合至調(diao)節槽(cao)，進(jin)(jin)入(ru)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)解酸化(hua)(hua)槽(cao)，進(jin)(jin)行(xing)好氧生化(hua)(hua)、MBR膜過濾、活(huo)性炭(tan)過濾工藝處(chu)理達(da)到(dao)污水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)綜合排放(fang)一(yi)級標(biao)準(zhun)后(hou)，進(jin)(jin)入(ru)回用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)池(chi)(chi)-2。檢測回用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)池(chi)(chi)-2內進(jin)(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)，若滿足《城市污水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)再生利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)城市雜用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)標(biao)準(zhun)》(GB/T18920—2002)中綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)化(hua)(hua)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)標(biao)準(zhun)，則(ze)(ze)直接用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)化(hua)(hua)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong);若水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)不符合綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)化(hua)(hua)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)標(biao)準(zhun)，回用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)池(chi)(chi)-2內水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)則(ze)(ze)需進(jin)(jin)入(ru)RO系統(tong)(tong)進(jin)(jin)一(yi)步處(chu)理，zui終出水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)存于(yu)回用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)池(chi)(chi)-1，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)化(hua)(hua)灌溉或生產回用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，濃水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)返(fan)回含酸廢水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)流量(liang)調(diao)整(zheng)槽(cao)重新處(chu)理，出水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)∶濃水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)=7∶3。設備調(diao)試、運(yun)行(xing)期間接收各種廢水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)計(ji)9978m3/年，處(chu)理后(hou)達(da)標(biao)、回用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)率達(da)到(dao)97.6%，余水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)返(fan)回系統(tong)(tong)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)再處(chu)理。含酸廢水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系統(tong)(tong):原(yuan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)首入(ru)流量(liang)調(diao)整(zheng)槽(cao)，均衡水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)，以保證后(hou)續(xu)處(chu)理的穩定運(yun)行(xing)。

    由于(yu)(yu)含(han)酸廢水中(zhong)(zhong)含(han)有(you)大量(liang)氟(fu)化(hua)(hua)物，故在初期(qi)反(fan)應中(zhong)(zhong)加入(ru)石灰以有(you)效去(qu)(qu)除(chu)氟(fu)離子，pH保(bao)持(chi)在適合(he)反(fan)應范圍內(nei)，加入(ru)混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)劑(ji)及絮凝(ning)(ning)劑(ji)，充分反(fan)應后(hou)進(jin)入(ru)酸漂(piao)洗(xi)沉(chen)淀(dian)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)。該(gai)沉(chen)淀(dian)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)為斜板(ban)設計，具有(you)沉(chen)淀(dian)效果(guo)好、停留(liu)時(shi)間短(duan)、占地面(mian)積(ji)小的優點(dian)，對懸(xuan)浮(fu)(fu)物去(qu)(qu)除(chu)效果(guo)良好。出(chu)水溢流進(jin)入(ru)zui終中(zhong)(zhong)和(he)(he)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)與(yu)其(qi)他水混(hun)合(he)。含(han)堿廢水系統:由于(yu)(yu)原水中(zhong)(zhong)主要污染物為一定量(liang)的油(you)(you)脂及大量(liang)懸(xuan)浮(fu)(fu)物，故在經過調節酸堿度、混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)絮凝(ning)(ning)后(hou)進(jin)入(ru)氣浮(fu)(fu)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)，以去(qu)(qu)除(chu)油(you)(you)類和(he)(he)懸(xuan)浮(fu)(fu)物。出(chu)水經堿漂(piao)洗(xi)中(zhong)(zhong)繼槽(cao)(cao)(cao)進(jin)入(ru)zui終中(zhong)(zhong)和(he)(he)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)與(yu)其(qi)他水混(hun)合(he)。廢乳(ru)化(hua)(hua)液系統:該(gai)乳(ru)化(hua)(hua)廢液含(han)有(you)大量(liang)的油(you)(you)脂，黏度大，COD濃度大，難于(yu)(yu)降解(jie)。因(yin)此，在廢乳(ru)化(hua)(hua)液處(chu)理前端設置(zhi)刮油(you)(you)機，先將乳(ru)化(hua)(hua)液表面(mian)浮(fu)(fu)油(you)(you)去(qu)(qu)除(chu)，在酸化(hua)(hua)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)內(nei)酸化(hua)(hua)破乳(ru)，混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)絮凝(ning)(ning)后(hou)進(jin)入(ru)氣浮(fu)(fu)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)，使油(you)(you)脂得(de)以進(jin)一步去(qu)(qu)除(chu)。接(jie)下來在酸性條件(jian)下，加入(ru)芬頓試劑(ji)以去(qu)(qu)除(chu)廢乳(ru)化(hua)(hua)液內(nei)有(you)機雜質。

　　處理效(xiao)果

　　系(xi)(xi)(xi)統建成經(jing)3個月調(diao)試后，對經(jing)MBR膜系(xi)(xi)(xi)統處(chu)理(li)后出(chu)(chu)水(shui)水(shui)質進(jin)行連續監測，各項(xiang)污染物(wu)指(zhi)標均達到綠化(hua)用(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)標準，監測結果如表2所示。若經(jing)MBR膜系(xi)(xi)(xi)統處(chu)理(li)后出(chu)(chu)水(shui)用(yong)(yong)(yong)作再生產回用(yong)(yong)(yong)，則經(jing)過(guo)RO系(xi)(xi)(xi)統后進(jin)行生產回用(yong)(yong)(yong)。

結論：

　　(1)本(ben)項目(mu)廢水(shui)種(zhong)類多、成分復雜、水(shui)量水(shui)質變化大，采取單獨收集、分別處(chu)理的方案，通過預處(chu)理降低部分污(wu)染物(wu)濃度，提高廢水(shui)可生(sheng)化性，再(zai)與(yu)其他(ta)廢水(shui)混合處(chu)理。

　　(2)采用(yong)(yong)反(fan)應/氣浮/還(huan)原/絮(xu)凝(ning)沉淀/MBR/RO組合工藝處(chu)理某公司生(sheng)(sheng)產廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)，處(chu)理規模(mo)為22～45m3/h，對COD、F-、油分(fen)去除率均高于85%，出(chu)水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)達到(dao)《城市(shi)污水(shui)(shui)再生(sheng)(sheng)利(li)用(yong)(yong)城市(shi)雜用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)》(GB/T18920—2002)中(zhong)綠化用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)標準。出(chu)水(shui)(shui)用(yong)(yong)于廠(chang)區(qu)綠化(廠(chang)區(qu)綠化面積約52000m2)，可(ke)有效利(li)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)資(zi)源，減少了對自來水(shui)(shui)的(de)使用(yong)(yong)。

　　(3)該組合工藝具(ju)有(you)水質水量適用范圍廣、運行穩定、處(chu)理效果理想、出水得以再次利(li)用等優(you)點，對于同類廢水處(chu)理項(xiang)目(mu)具(ju)有(you)參(can)考(kao)意義。